Swelling in your legs can be a literal pain, causing tightness in your shoes, difficulty moving, aching and tenderness. If this is an issue for you, you’re probably wondering what’s causing your legs to swell and, more importantly, how to find relief. Let’s take a look at  common causes and when it’s time to talk to your doctor.

What Are Swollen Legs a Sign Of?

Leg swelling, known in the medical field as edema, results from a buildup of fluid in the tissues. While edema can be brought on by many different things—such as infections, certain medications, and, in exceedingly rare cases, parasites—the most common culprits are congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).

• With chronic heart failure, the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively has become compromised. Its reduced efficiency leads to fluid pooling in other areas of the body, especially the legs. The result is something called pitting edema. If you press on the swollen area and an indentation remains, this is a tell-tale sign of heart-related edema. This swelling can become significant, sometimes extending from the ankles up through the calves and even into the abdomen.
• With chronic venous insufficiency, weakened or damaged veins struggle to push blood from the legs back up to the heart. This causes blood to pool in the leg veins, creating increased pressure that forces fluid into the surrounding tissues. Venous edema is generally firmer than heart-related swelling, often occurs below the knees, and typically doesn’t form pits when pressed. It also tends to improve overnight when the legs are elevated.

While these are two of the most frequent reasons for leg swelling, it’s essential to consult a doctor to pinpoint exactly what’s going on and develop a personalized treatment plan.

When Should I Worry About Leg Swelling?

You should never ignore persistent or sudden swelling in your legs as it is often a sign of an underlying medical condition. Here are some red flags that indicate you may need prompt medical attention:

• Pitting Edema: If pressing on the swollen area leaves an indentation that lingers, it could indicate heart failure, especially if you also experience rapid weight gain or shortness of breath.
• Swelling in Only One Leg: Sudden, painful swelling in one leg could signal a blood clot (deep vein thrombosis or DVT) and should be checked by a doctor immediately.
• Persistent Swelling with Skin Changes: If the swelling is chronic, firm, and accompanied by skin discoloration or sores, it may indicate advanced venous insufficiency. You should make an appointment with a vein specialist.

How Do You Get Rid of Swelling in the Legs?

Addressing leg swelling effectively depends on identifying and treating the root cause.

For venous insufficiency-related edema, venous closure is the most effective treatment option. This minimally invasive procedure seals off damaged veins, redirecting blood flow to healthier veins. By stopping blood from pooling in the affected area, venous closure directly targets the problem and provides lasting relief.

Certain lifestyle adjustments can also help reduce swelling. Exercise, like walking or engaging in other low-impact activities, promotes circulation in the legs and helps prevent blood from pooling. Avoiding prolonged sitting or standing by taking regular breaks to stretch or flex your ankles will help keep blood flowing. Wearing compression stockings helps push fluid out of your legs, reducing both swelling and discomfort. And elevating your legs when resting can also help reduce swelling, allowing gravity to aid blood flow back to the heart.

For edema related to chronic heart failure, treatment focuses on managing fluid buildup in the body. Your doctor might recommend dietary changes, such as reducing sodium or limiting fluid intake to prevent excess water retention. Diuretics, or “water pills,” are also commonly prescribed to help flush out excess fluid. Since heart failure-related edema can be complex it may require close monitoring by a cardiologist.

Take Control of Your Health

Swelling in the legs can be uncomfortable and distressing, but with the right treatment, it’s often manageable and even curable. If you’re experiencing persistent leg swelling, schedule a consultation with a doctor right away. A professional evaluation can help you determine the underlying issue, explore effective treatment options, and, most importantly, provide relief from painful, heavy, tender legs.